traditional : following ideas and methods that have existed for a long time, rather than doing anything new or different. liberal : not opposed to new ideas or ways of behaving that are not traditional or widely accepted.
instinct : a natural desire or tendency that makes you want to act in a particular way. a way of behaving, thinking, or feeling that is not learned.
induction : a kind of reasoning that uses particular examples in order to reach a general conclusion about something. deduction : a conclusion or opinion that is based on logic or reason. intuition : the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering the facts.
insight : the ability to understand people and situations in a very clear way. an understanding of the true nature of something.
discernment : the ability to see and understand people, things, or situations clearly and intelligently. discern : to see, hear, or notice (something) with difficulty or effort.
theoretical : 理論的な logical : 論理的な ↓ theoretical : relating to what is possible or imagined rather than to what is known to be true or real. relating to the general principles or ideas of a subject rather than the practical uses of those ideas. logical : seeming reasonable and sensible. using a thinking process in which facts and ideas are connected in a correct way.
neurology : 神経学 neuroscience : 神経科学 ↓ neurology : the scientific study of the nervous system and its diseases. neuroscience : the scientific study of nerves and especially of how nerves affect learning and behavior.
pull out : to drive onto a road from another road or from where you have stopped. pull off : to drive a car off a road in order to stop, or to turn into a smaller road.
exaggerate : to make something seem better, larger, worse etc than it really is. exasperate : to make someone very angry or annoyed. exacerbate : to make a bad situation worse.
tear ['ti?] : (noun) a drop of liquid that comes from your eyes especially when you cry. tear ['te?] : (verb) to separate (something) into parts by pulling it, cutting it, etc.
polish ['p?:li?] : (verb) to make something smooth, bright, and shiny by rubbing it. Polish ['pouli?] : (noun) the language of Poland. (adj) relating to Poland, its people, or its language.
affect : (verb) to produce an effect on someone or something. affection : (noun) a feeling of liking and caring for someone or something. affectation : (noun) an unnatural form of behavior that is meant to impress others.
complexity : the state of being complicated. complexion : the color or appearance of the skin especially on the face. complication : something that makes something harder to understand, explain, or deal with.
opt : (verb) to choose one thing or do one thing instead of another. optic : (adj) relating to the eyes optical : (adj) relating to machines or processes which are concerned with light, images, or the way we see things.
axle : (noun) the bar connecting two wheels on a car or other vehicle axis : (noun) the imaginary line around which a large round object, such as the Earth, turns. access : (noun) a way of getting near, at, or to something or someone.
liberalize : (verb) to make a system, laws, or moral attitudes less strict. liberate : (verb) to free someone from feelings or conditions that make their life unhappy or difficult.
ascetic : (adj) living without any physical pleasures or comforts. aesthetic : (adj) connected with beauty and the study of beauty. anesthetic : (noun) a drug that causes a person to lose feeling and to feel no pain in part or all of the body.
quart : (noun) a unit for measuring liquid, equal to two pints. quartz : (noun) a hard mineral substance that is used in making electronic watches and clocks. quarter : (noun) one of four equal parts into which something can be divided.
rug : (noun) a piece of thick, heavy material that is used to cover usually a section of a floor. rag : (noun) a piece of cloth that is old and no longer in good condition.
lug : (verb) to pull or carry something heavy with difficulty. lag : (verb) to move or develop more slowly than others.
run : (verb) to move with your legs at a speed that is faster than walking. ran : (verb) past tense of run.
angle : (noun) the space between two straight lines or surfaces that join each other, measured in degrees. angel : (noun) a spirit who is God's servant in heaven, and who is often shown as a person dressed in white with wings. anger : (noun) a strong feeling of wanting to hurt or criticize someone because they have done something bad to you or been unkind to you.
cautious : (adj) careful about avoiding danger or risk. conscious : (adj) awake and able to understand what is happening around you. conscience : (noun) the part of your mind that tells you whether what you are doing is morally right or wrong.
flown : (verb) past participle of fly. flow : (verb) when a liquid, gas, or electricity flows, it moves in a steady continuous stream. flower : (noun) a coloured or white part that a plant or tree produces before fruit or seeds.
flown ['floun] : (verb) past participle of fly. frown ['fraun] : (verb) to make an angry, unhappy, or confused expression, moving your eyebrows together.
ledge : a narrow, flat surface that sticks out from a wall. ledger : a book that a company uses to record information about the money it has paid and received. ledger line : a line on which you write musical notes that are too high or low to be shown on a stave.
distinct : (adj) clearly different or belonging to a different type. distinctive : (adj) having a special quality, character, or appearance that is different and easy to recognize. distinguished : (adj) successful, respected, and admired.
gradual : (adj) happening slowly over a long period of time. graduate : (verb) to earn a degree or diploma from a school, college, or university.
punctual : (adj) arriving, happening, or being done at exactly the time that has been arranged. punctuate : (verb) to use punctuation marks in a piece of writing.
globe : (noun) a round object with a map of the Earth drawn on it. an object shaped like a ball. globular : (adj) in the shape of a globule or a globe. global : (adj) involving the entire world.
quadruped : (noun) an animal that has four feet. pedestrian : (noun) a person who is walking in a city, along a road, etc. pedestal : (noun) the base on which a pillar or statue stands.
effect : (verb) to make (something) happen. (noun) a change that results when something is done or happens. affect : (verb) to produce an effect on (someone or something).
undertake : (verb) to accept that you are responsible for a piece of work, and start to do it. overtake : (verb) to move up to and past (someone or something that is in front of you) by moving faster.
cycle : a set of events or actions that happen again and again in the same order. circle : a perfectly round shape. rotation : the act or process of moving or turning around a central point. circulation : the movement of blood around your body. circular argument/logic/reasoning : an argument or way of thinking that is not right because the statement it uses to prove that the argument is true can only be true if the original argument is already true. convection : movement in a gas or liquid in which the warmer parts move up and the colder parts move down.
deprive : (verb) to prevent someone from having something. (deprive someone of something) prevent : (verb) to stop someone from doing something. (prevent someone from doing)
bread : (noun) a baked food made from a mixture of flour and water. breadth : (noun) the distance from one side of something to the other. breath : (noun) the air that you take into your lungs and send out from your lungs when you breathe.
transfigure : (verb) to change the way someone or something looks, especially so that they become more beautiful. transform : (verb) to completely change the appearance, form, or character of something or someone, especially in a way that improves it.
heave : (verb) to pull or lift something very heavy with one great effort. heaven : (noun) the place where God lives and where good people go after they die according to some religions. haven : (noun) a place where you are protected from danger, trouble, etc. have : (verb) to own, use, or hold (something)
variant : (noun) something that is slightly different from the usual form of something. valiant : (adj) very brave, especially in a difficult situation.
additional : (adj) more than is usual or expected. additive : (noun) a substance that is added to food to improve its taste, appearance etc. addictive : (adj) causing a strong and harmful need to regularly have or do something. very enjoyable in a way that makes you want to do or have something again.
analogy : (noun) something that seems similar between two situations, processes etc. analog : (noun) something that is similar to something else in design, origin, use, etc.
attitude : (noun) the opinions and feelings that you usually have about something. altitude : (noun) the height of an object or place above the sea. latitude : (noun) distance north or south of the equator measured in degrees up to 90 degrees.
get around : to go or travel to different places. get around something : to avoid something that is difficult or causes problems for you. get around to something : to do something that you have been intending to do for some time.
diary : (noun) a book in which you write down the things that happen to you each day. dairy : (noun) a place on a farm where milk is kept and butter and cheese are made. daily : (adj) happening or done every day.
respectful : (adj) feeling or showing respect. respectable : (adj) considered to be good, correct, or acceptable. respected : (adj) admired by many people. respecting : (prep) about or relating to something. respective : (adj) used before a plural noun to refer to the different things that belong to each separate person or thing mentioned.
warn : (verb) to tell someone about possible danger or trouble. warm : (adj) slightly hot, especially in a pleasant way worm : (noun) a long thin creature with no bones and no legs that lives in soil. worn : (verb) past participle of wear.
invisible : (adj) impossible to see. indivisible : (adj) impossible to divide or separate. individual : (adj) considered separately from other people or things in the same group.
feast : (noun) a special meal with large amounts of food and drink. feat : (noun) something that is an impressive achievement, because it needs a lot of skill, strength etc to do.
expectation : (noun) what you think or hope will happen. exception : (noun) someone or something that is different from others. inception : (noun) the time at which something begins. inspection : (noun) a careful examination of something to check for anything wrong.
premiere : the first public performance of a film, play, or piece of music. preview : a special show or performance that allows some people to see a movie, play, etc., before it is shown to the public.
norm : (noun) a situation or a pattern of behaviour that is usual or expected. gnome : (noun) a creature in children's stories who looks like a little old man. genome : (noun) all the genes in one cell of living thing.
virtue : (noun) morally good behavior or character. virtuous : (adj) behaving in a very honest and moral way. virtual : (adj) very nearly a particular thing.
mechanic : (noun) someone who is skilled at repairing motor vehicles and machinery. mechanical : (adj) of or relating to machinery. mechanistic : (adj) tending to explain the behaviour of things in the natural world as if they were machines.
meter : the basic unit for measuring length in the metric system. meteor : a piece of rock or metal that travels through space, and makes a bright line in the night sky when it falls down towards the Earth meteorite : a piece of rock or metal from space that has landed on Earth. meteorology : the scientific study of weather conditions. astrology : the study of the positions and movements of the stars and how they might influence people and events. astronomy : the scientific study of the stars and planets.
win : (verb) to be the best or most successful in a competition, game, election etc. (noun) a success or victory. defeat : (verb) to win a victory over someone in a war, competition, game etc. (noun) failure to win or succeed.
sensible : (adj) reasonable, practical, and showing good judgment. sensitive : (adj) able to understand other people's feelings and problems. easily upset or offended by events or things that people say. sensory : (adj) relating to or using your senses of sight, hearing, smell, taste, or touch. sensual : (adj) relating to the feelings of your body rather than your mind. sensuous : (adj) pleasing to your senses. sensational : (adj) causing very great excitement or interest with shocking details.
inconsistency : (noun) a situation in which two statements are different and cannot both be true. discrepancy : (noun) a difference between two amounts, details, reports etc that should be the same.
fair : (adj) a fair situation, system, way of treating people, or judgment seems reasonable, acceptable, and right. fairy : (noun) a small imaginary creature with magic powers, which looks like a very small person. fairly : (adv) more than a little, but much less than very. in a way that is fair, honest, and reasonable.
prim : (adj) very formal and careful in the way you speak and behave, and easily shocked by anything rude. prime : (adj) most important. of the highest quality or value primal : (adj) primal feelings or actions seem to belong to a part of people's character that is ancient and animal-like. primary : (adj) happening or coming first. main. most important.
gobbledygook : (noun) speech or writing that is complicated and difficult to understand. circumlocution : (noun) the use of many words to say something that could be said more clearly and directly by using fewer words. waffle : (noun) talk or writing that uses a lot of words but says nothing important.
sauce : (noun) a thick cooked liquid that is served with food to give it a particular taste. saucer : (noun) a small round plate that curves up at the edges that you put a cup on. coaster : (noun) a small thin object on which you put a glass, or cup, to protect a table from heat or liquids. coast : (noun) the land along or near a sea or ocean.
latter : (adj) being the second of two people or things, or the last in a list just mentioned. later : (adj) coming in the future or after something else. (adv) at a time in the future. lateral : (adj) relating to the sides of something, or movement to the side.
cause : (noun) a person, event, or thing that makes something happen. causal : (adj) relating to or showing the cause of something. casual : (adj) relaxed and not worried, or seeming not to care about something. casualty : (noun) someone who is hurt or killed in an accident or war. casualness : (noun) when you are relaxed and not worried, or seeming not to care about something.
Plato : an ancient Greek philosopher. Pluto : the object in our solar system that in the past was thought to be the planet farthest from the sun but that is no longer considered to be a planet. plateau : a large area of flat land that is higher than the land around it.
furtive : (adj) done in a quiet and secret way to avoid being noticed. fertile : (adj) fertile land or soil is able to produce good crops. futile : (adj) having no result or effect. pointless or useless.
zenith : (noun) the highest point reached in the sky by the sun, moon, etc. genus : (noun) a group of related animals or plants that includes several or many different species. genius : (noun) a very smart or talented person. genial : (adj) cheerful and pleasant.
proper : (adj) (only before noun) right, suitable, or correct. (only after noun) the real or main part of something, not other parts before, after or near to it.
comparable : (adj) similar to something else in size, number, quality etc, so that you can make a comparison. comparative : (adj) seeming to be something when compared with others.
exert : (verb) to use your power, influence etc in order to make something happen. exult : (verb) to feel or show great happiness. exhaust : (verb) to make someone feel extremely tired.
inordinate : (adj) going beyond what is usual, normal, or proper. subordinate : (adj) in a position of less power or authority than someone else. extraordinary : (adj) very unusual or surprising. extremely good or impressive.
ordinate : (noun) the coordinate that gives the distance along the vertical axis. ordinal : (adj) an ordinal number is used to show the position of something in a series. ordinary : (adj) average, common, or usual, not different or special.
There's an amusing poem called The Chaos which highlights a lot of the most difficult spelling and pronunciation oddities of English. Check it out: https://ncf.idallen.com/english.html
finding : (noun) the information that someone has discovered as a result of their study, work etc. find : (noun) something or someone that has been found.
resilient : (adj) able to become strong, healthy, or successful again after something bad happens. salient : (adj) very important or noticeable. valiant : (adj) very brave, especially in a difficult situation.
opposite : (adj) located at the other end, side, or corner of something. opposed : (adj) not agreeing with or approving of something or someone. opposing : (adj) fighting or competing against another person or group.
outset : (noun) the start or beginning of something. inset : (noun) a small map or picture that is shown on or next to a larger map or picture in order to show more detail.
mobile : (adj) able to move from one place to another. movable : (adj) able to be moved. removable : (adj) able to be detached or taken out of something.
wear : (verb) weary : (adj) very tired or bored, especially because you have been doing something for a long time. wary : (adj) careful because they think something might be dangerous or harmful. war : (noun)
forsake : (verb) to give up or leave someone or something entirely. for the sake of : (prep) in order to help, improve, or please someone or something.
ensure : (verb) to make certain that something will happen properly. reassure : (verb) to make someone feel calmer and less worried or frightened about a problem or situation. assure : (verb) ensure. reassure.
special :(adj) not ordinary or usual, but different in some way and often better or more important. spatial : (adj) of or relating to space. spacious : (adj) having a large amount of space.
foresee : (verb) to think or know that something is going to happen in the future. overlook : (verb) to not notice something, or not see how important it is. oversee : (verb) to be in charge of a group of workers and check that a piece of work is done satisfactorily. overseas : (adv)
distant : (adj) far away in space or time. distance : (noun) the amount of space between two places or things. instant : (adj) happening or produced immediately. instance : (noun) an example of a particular kind of situation.
level : (noun) the amount or degree of something, compared to another amount or degree. revel : (verb) to spend time dancing, eating, drinking etc, especially at a party. rebel : (noun) someone who opposes or fights against people in authority.