Now, in conclusion, my question is, does "non-Japanese" in such contexts still sound un-idiomatic? What about "non-Japanese students, non-Japanese tourists, non-Japanese visitors, non-Japanese workers," and so on?
And what about "workers, products, etc. from outside Japan"? This phrase "outside Japan" cannot be rejected altogether because some Japanese companies do request us translators to use although it may sound a bit funny. If you're in Japan, then the phrase "overseas" naturally refers to "somewhere outside Japan." But what if it happens to be in Tanzania or the Netherlands? In that case, the phrase "overseas" is understood to mean "outside Tanzania or the Netherlands." But the author of the document in Japanese assumes that the phrase "海外" is understood as "outside Japan." In that case, I am obliged to use the phrase "outside Japan" even though it may sound a bit un-idiomatic in many contexts.